Military War Cause and Effect - 553 Words

Military War cause and effect All living things need the resources provided by our natural world to live, leading to them adapting to specific environments. Animals in particular are mobile creatures that move from place to place searching for the best environments for their survival. The most intelligent creatures in our animal world are human beings and like other animals, they moved from place to place while organized into races in search of the elusive desirable environments. However, there is always the likelihood of finding fellow humanity already thriving in that environment. This resulted to conflict as competition for the inadequate resources arose. Consequently, human beings formed nations, allegiance to the national system†¦show more content†¦Germany needed resources to fuel its growing economy in order for the country to dominate the world. Further, the idea of govern in the country was to be spread across the globe as it gained supremacy. However, international understanding played a key role in the direction the war took. On one side, Germany had to seek allies such as Italy in order for it to achieve its goal and on the other side the countries under siege had to combine forces to protect their borders and in so doing, they formed the allied forces (Waltz, 9). The war resulted to destruction of infrastructural development and entire cities such as Warsaw. Further, the human catastrophe was the worst in history of military war. In the end, international understanding led to the formation of the United Nations after which a cold war persisted between the nations involved in the war. Secondly, struggle for power results to military war. From the meaning of international politics that is struggle for power, the acquired power protects a nation’s interest and further helps to influence other nations (Troxell, 1). Military strength plays a key role in attaining desired power. For instance, the United States accounts for about 39% perce nt of the world’s military budget making it the sole super power. With the acquired power, the country has been able to influence decisions and ideas such as democracy across the globe. The country has also been able to wage war on terrorism byShow MoreRelatedThe Causes Of The First World War1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe causes of the First World War were similar and differed from the causes of the Second World War politically, economically, and socially. Both of these significant, historical events were substantially affected by the interaction of dominating societies during this time period. During the First World War, these leading societies were the European authorities of Britain, Germany, and Austria, with slight assistance from the U.S. However, the United States allocated their full engagement duringRead MoreWhy Realism Fails Counterinsurgency?1417 Words   |  6 Pagescounterinsurgency Definitions: Relevant to realism, fail has three definitions: To lack prevention, to lack aim of root causes, and to lack efficiency upon trial. Realism does not prevent future insurgency acts Realism does not prevent future insurgency acts as there has been an increase in the magnitude of threat and the use of the traditional framework around war. First, a notable political scientist, John Mearsheimer argues that what has changed over time is the magnitude of theRead MoreWar: Effect on the Economy Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pages2012 War: Effect on Economy War has influenced economic history profoundly across time and space. Winners of wars have shaped economic institutions and trade patterns. Wars have influenced technological developments. Above all, recurring war has drained wealth, disrupted markets, and depressed economical growth. Wars are expensive (in money and other resources), destructive (of capital and human capital), and disruptive (of trade, resource availability, labor management). Large wars make upRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of The Civil War1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe causes and effects of the Civil War will be defined through the institution of slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the military leadership of President Lincoln to resolve the uncompromising political position of the South/Confederacy. Lincoln’s â€Å"House Divided† speech will be an important primary source that defines the underlying resistance to the expansion of the slave states into new territories taken by the U.S. government in the 1850s. More so, the uncompromising and an increasingly militaristicRead MoreKorean War On North Korea1023 Words   |  5 PagesKorean war affected almost millions of people in Korea. Other people’s inhumane actions due to their greed and manipulating their power caused un justified deaths. Those deaths odes not worth any a penny they gained after the war. A person’s life cannot be paid with money. Those people are willing to kill because of land and resources. The Korean War not only affected both South and North Korea but it also affected many countries all over the world, especially, America. Since America played a bigRead MoreThe Disgrace of Veteran Homelessness Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe military has been instrumental in the protection and development of U.S interests around the world. From the Revolutionary War, which established the United States as a nation, through the World Wars, which set up the U.S as one of the world super powers, to its current war on terror, the military has helped and protected U.S. interests around the world. During all these wars American soldiers have proudly served their country. Because of these wars America is famous throughout the world forRead MoreEuropean Expansion During The 19th Century1013 W ords   |  5 Pagesmany factors which portrayed the upcoming of a world war. Intense nationalism and militarism were both causes of the first world war and painted a picture for disaster. With the thought of war coming national leaders sought alignments with foreign powers to help protect themselves. After the war the world was left speechless. The aftermath left both positive and negative effects. The amount of lost lives and wounded soldiers was mind blowing. The war also affected the economy greatly. For many it madeRead MoreTo what extent was Germany to blame for the start of World War 11473 Words   |  6 PagesGermany to blame for the start of World War 1? During the beginning of the 19th Century Europe was crossing a period characterized by great technological advancements and scientific optimism, but it was also subject to hostile relations between many of its main powers. These hostilities transformed into war on the 28th of June 1914,when a 19 year old terrorist, Gavrilo Princip, assassinated the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, creating the cause of war that one month later brought Austria-HungaryRead MoreEssay on World War I: The Primary Cause of the Russian Revolution1111 Words   |  5 PagesRussias overthrows and shortage caused revolutionary upheaval and massive inflation, which led to deprived infrastructure. During World War I, Russian society naturally caused great dissatisfaction among the serfs. As the revolution wore on, numerous reform and Tsar Nicholas II, a ruler, tried to change Russias social structure and government. Among the masses, there was discontentment with Russias social system and living conditions. Laborers worked and lived in horrendous conditions, which playedRead MoreThe Civil Military Dialogue Is The Most Critical Component Of Strategic Art1400 Words   |  6 PagesArguably, civil-military dialogue is the most critical component of strategic art as it serves to build trust and create shared understanding. High levels of trust and understanding facilitate the matching of strategy to policy while forming the guiding logic that underpins the chosen theory of victory. Furthermore, candid and continuous dialogue facilitates reassessment and redirection when prewar plans fail to meet wartime realities. Without candid and iterative discourse, the result is nothing

Pope And Sexism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 912 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Sexism Essay Did you like this example? Alexander Pope published The Rape of the Lock in May of 1712. During this time, women were seen as mere objects and entertainment for men. They were treated as such, as well. The objectification of women can be seen early on in Popes work. It can even be spotted in the dedication portion of this poem. The Rape of the Lock portrays women in society as frivolous, simple, and incapable of serious thought. How women are depicted in this poem is a reflection of British society at the time of its release. Pope implies women are incapable of understanding difficult concepts or ?hard words. He makes a remark of this before the poem starts in his dedication. In paragraph three, he states, quite directly, to his friend Mrs. Arabella Fermor, how disagreeable it is to make use of hard words before a ladyparticularly by your sex, that you must give me leave to explain two or three difficult terms (Pope 1227). Clearly, he does not believe Mrs Fermor is capable of understanding him, even though he thinks of her as much more sophisticated than the women about whom he is writing. He mentions in the last sentence of the dedications paragraph five that Belinda resembles you in nothing but beauty (Pope 1227). He implies she is smarter than Belinda, yet still not capable of understanding his brilliant work. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pope And Sexism" essay for you Create order In Canto One, Belinda is given a warning. This warning is given to her by Sylphs. The poem tells that her guardian Sylph is a male. It is written, Her guardian Sylph prolonged the balmy rest. / ?Twas he had summoned to her silent bed (Pope 1228). It can be implied that the Sylph is a male to take care of Belinda because she is incapable of caring for herself. In Canto Two, Pope describes Belinda only in terms of her appearance. He compliments her beauty as if it is all she has to offer. Nothing is written of her intellect or her abilities to comprehend life situations. This suggests that she is only useful for her appearance. She is an object for suitors to look at. The poem describes, Bright as the sun, her eyes the gazers strike, / And, like the sun, they shine on all alike (Pope 1231). Pope further portrays women as being without understanding. Clarissa hands over her scissors to The Baron without asking why he would need them. Later, Clarissa chastises the women by s aying, Charms strike the Sight, but Merit wins the soul (Pope 1242). It is hard to tell if she is being hypocritical or simply incapable of seeing the inconsistency of her actions. Canto Four represents more metaphorical examples of how womens emotions and despair are depicted as overblown or nonsensical. In this canto, the sylphs leave and Belinda is left with only an earthy gnome named Umbriel. Umbriel takes a journey through Belindas Cave of Spleen. The use of the spleen is interesting in that it refers to an organ that filters poisons from the blood. Hypothetically, he is traveling through her filterand in a sense is trying to understand what is causing her so much discomfort. After the completion of Umbriels journey, he returns with a bag of awful gifts that hes brought back from the Cave of Spleen. sighs, sobs, and passions and the war of tongues. A Vial next she fills with fainting fears, Soft sorrows, melting griefs, and flowing tears (Pope 1239). The earthly gnome brought these gifts back only to make Belinda more angry and hysterical. This once again demonstrates Popes portrayal of women as hysterical and of having intense emotion without rea sonable cause. Pope writes, Belinda burns with more than mortal ire, And fierce Thalestris fans the rising fire (Pope 1240). This quote solidifies Popes belief of uncalled for emotions in women. While its easy to dismiss Popes depiction of Belinda and the Belles as frivolous, Canto Five illustrates that their behavior is forced upon them by the expectation of 18th century high-society. As Pope tells us through Belindas friend Clarissa, She who scorns a man, must die a maid (Pope 1242). Society would not take a kind view of a Belle behaving in any other fashion. Young, high-class women slept until noon because that was the cultural expectation. Throughout The Rape of the Lock, Popes ideology of women shines through. His word choice in the dedication of the work clearly shows how much he thinks Mrs. Fermor can understand him and his education. Even though he regards her much higher than other women, he still belittles her lack of knowledge. Canto One opens with Belinda having somewhat of a babysitter. Of course this Sylph is a male, as women cannot take care of themselves. In Canto Two, Pope only describes Belinda in terms of beauty. It can be inferred that this is how he would judge any woman. Canto Three tells how chaotic it is for a woman to lose her hair and Pope tells of Belindas overreaction. This is carried on into Canto Four when Umbriel explores the Cave of Spleen to try and understand why it is such a big deal. Canto Five explains that Belles in this time shall behave this way because men expect it. With this information, it can be concluded that The Rape of the Lock depicts women in society as flippant, unadorned, and incapable of significant thought. How women are shown in this poem is a direct reflection of how British society treated and thought of women in the 18th century.

The Meeting Game

The Adaptation Of The National Banking Act Was Due To The

The adaptation of the national banking act was due to the American civil war between the northern and southern states. When the war started in April of 1861, the federal government had no idea that it would last as long as it did, nor did they think that it would cost as much as it did. Soon after the war started, the federal Government realized that it needed a huge flow of cash if they wanted to defeat the south. The government then tried all applicable means of generating money to pay for the expense of the war. They increased taxes, sold bonds and forced banks to lend them money in exchange for the right to issue its own banknotes and the privilege to print fiat currency. When that wasn’t enough, the government then formed a†¦show more content†¦Banks took advantage of this opportunity as well and profited from it. The National Bank act of 1863 was definitely an improvement to the nation’s banking system but it was not successful as it was thought of to be, it did not fix the financial problems of the Nation at the time It drove approximately 1500 state chartered banks out of business and some was forced to become national charter banks because they were losing profits with the 10 percent tax increase that was imposed on the issuing of their banknotes. The state chartered banks that staid in business turned to the use of checking accounts and as a result, they became more successful and outgrew the nationally chartered banks. For this reason, I do personally thinks that the National banks acts was a failure. The dual banking system was a system that was formed following the passing of the national bank act. There were state chartered banks and nationally chartered banks that were both regulated and supervised but different entities. state chartered banks were regulated by states. While nationally charter banks were regulated by the federal government. There were also laws set by legislator that limited branching of banking to five. for this reason, there were lots of unit banks which made the US banking system remarkably unstable. There was also lots of bank panic because depositor was writing checks against their deposit that could not be clear by the banks. In order toShow MoreRelatedUnited Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change Essay2335 Words   |  10 Pageshistory by committing to the first truly global international climate change agreement (Paris Agreement, 2015). This agreement took place in Paris and was adopted under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 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The matter is made worse due to the fact that our economy does not provide adequate employment opportunities so that poor people can get jobs and earn income. Hence eradication of poverty and unemployment is a major challenge before the economy. Similarly higher quality of life

E-Commerce in East Africa Free Essays

Table of Contents Definition and background2 Reasons for growth of e-commerce in East Africa. 4 Influence of e-commerce on trading practices in East Africa. 5 Types of e-commerce8 Challenges facing the growth of e-commerce in East Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on E-Commerce in East Africa or any similar topic only for you Order Now 9 1. Poor infrastructure9 Computer illiteracy9 Lack of proper regulation9 Inadequate capital10 Inadequate personnel10 Conclusion10 References11 Definition and background E-commerce refers to business conducted through the use of computers, telephones, fax machines, barcode readers, credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) or other electronic appliances (whether or not using the internet) without the exchange of paper-based documents. It includes activities such as procurement, order entry, transaction processing, payment, authentication and non-repudiation, inventory control, order fulfillment, and customer support. When a buyer pays with a bank card swiped through a magnetic-stripe-reader, he or she is participating in e-commerce. | It mainly involves the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on such technologies as electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction’s life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile devices and telephones as well. Originally, electronic commerce was identified as the facilitation of commercial transactions electronically, using technology such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT). These were both introduced in the late 1970s, allowing businesses to send commercial documents like purchase orders or invoices electronically. The growth and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) and telephone banking in the 1980s were also forms of electronic commerce. Another form of e-commerce was the airline reservation system typified by Sabre in the USA and Travicom in the UK. Electronic commerce or ecommerce is a term for any type of business, or commercial transaction that involves the transfer of information across the Internet. It covers a range of different types of businesses, from consumer based retail sites, through auction or music sites, to business exchanges trading goods and services between corporations. It is currently one of the most important aspects of the Internet to emerge. Ecommerce allows consumers to electronically exchange goods and services with no barriers of time or distance. Electronic commerce has expanded rapidly over the past five years and is predicted to continue at this rate, or even accelerate. In the near future the boundaries between â€Å"conventional† and â€Å"electronic† commerce will become increasingly blurred as more and more businesses move sections of their operations onto the Internet. Business to Business or B2B refers to electronic commerce between businesses rather than between a business and a consumer. B2B businesses often deal with hundreds or even thousands of other businesses, either as customers or suppliers. Carrying out these transactions electronically provides vast competitive advantages over traditional methods. When implemented properly, ecommerce is often faster, cheaper and more convenient than the traditional methods of bartering goods and services. Electronic transactions have been around for quite some time in the form of Electronic Data Interchange or EDI. EDI requires each supplier and customer to set up a dedicated data link (between them), where ecommerce provides a cost-effective method for companies to set up multiple, and ad-hoc links. Electronic commerce has also led to the development of electronic marketplaces where suppliers and potential customers are brought together to conduct mutually beneficial trade. Just like the rest of the world, East Africa hasn’t been left behind in adopting e-commerce as a way of doing business. Many individuals, corporations and even governments have resolved to using e-commerce in consummating their business transactions, albeit on a smaller margin as compared to western countries or the more developed world economies. Countries in east Africa, that is Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania have all been taking steps in the recent past to ensure that trade among them grows as a way of boosting the economic growth of these countries. One of the steps has clearly been adopting the use of e-commerce. Relevant infrastructure has been or is being established to back up this adoption. Since e-commerce ideally is all about the internet, most of the infrastructure I am referring to involves it in way or another. Most notably has been the laying of the fiber optic cable from the coast of Kenya towards the inland that allows for high speed internet access. Reasons for growth of e-commerce in East Africa. The rapid growth of e-commerce since 1995 is due to the unique features of the Internet and the Web as a commercial medium: * Ubiquity: Internet/Web technology is everywhere, at work, home, and elsewhere, and anytime, providing a ubiquitous market space, a marketplace removed from a temporal and geographical location. * Global reach: The technology reaches across national boundaries. Universal standards: There is one set of Internet technology standards, which greatly lower market entry costs (the costs to bring goods to market) and reduce search costs (the effort to find products) for the consumer. * Richness: Information richness refers to the complexity and content of a message. Internet technology allows for rich video, audio, and text messages to be delivered to large numbers of people. * Interactivity: The technology works through interaction with the user. * Information density: Information density is the total amount and quality of information available to all market participants. Internet technology reduces information costs and raises quality of information, enabling price transparency (the ease for consumers of finding a variety of prices) and cost transparency (the ability of consumers to determine the actual costs of products). Information density allows merchants to engage in price discrimination (selling goods to targeted groups at different prices). * Personalization/customization: E-commerce technologies permit personalization (targeting personal messages to consumers) and customization (changing a product or service based on consumer preference or history. Influence of e-commerce on trading practices in East Africa. As it has already been established, e-commerce is being used, even though not so widely in East Africa. The firms or organizations that have decided to employ e-commerce are benefiting from it in the following ways: 1. Exploitation of New Business Broadly speaking, electronic commerce emphasizes the generation and exploitation of new . business opportunities and to use popular phrases: â€Å"generate business value† or â€Å"do more with less† Safaricom, mobile service provider has the m-pesa service that captured so many customers and helped many people establish new businesses. There is also the m-kesho service which is a joint venture between Safaricom and Equity Bank that has enabled many small business owners and individuals to access banking services. 2. Enabling the Customers Electronic Commerce is enabling the customer to have an increasing say in what products are made, how products are made and how services are delivered (movement from a slow order fulfillment process with little understanding of what is taking place inside the firm, to a faster and rt1ore open process with customers having greater control. . Improvement of Business Transaction Electronic Commerce endeavors to improve the execution of business transaction over various networks. 4. Effective Performance It leads to more effective performance i. e. better quality, greater customer satisfaction and better corporate decision making. 5. Greater Economic Efficiency We may achieve greater economic efficiency (lower cost) and more rapid exchange (high speed, accelerated, or real-time intera ction) with the help of electronic commerce. 6. Execution of Information It enables the execution of information-laden transactions between two ore more parties using inter connected networks. These networks can be a combination of ‘plain old telephone system’ (POTS), Cable TV, leased lines and wireless. Information based transactions are creating new ways of doing business and even new types of business. 7. Incorporating Transaction Electronic Commerce also inco11’orates transaction management, which organizes, routes, processes and tracks transactions. It also includes consumers making electronic payments and funds transfers. 8. Increasing of Revenue Firm use technology to either lower operating costs or increase revenue. Electronic Commerce has the Potential to increase revenue by creating new markets for old products, creating new information-based products, and establishing new service delivery channels to better serve and interact with customers. The transaction management aspect of electronic commerce can also enable firms to reduce operating costs by enabling better coordination in the sales, production and distribution processes and to consolidate operations arid reduce overhead. . Reduction of Friction Electronic Commerce research and its associated implementations is to reduce the â€Å"friction† in on line transactions frictions is often described in economics as transaction cost. It can arise from inefficient market structures and inefficient combinations of the technological activities required to make a transaction. Ultimately, the reduction of friction in online commerce will enable smoo ther transaction between buyers, intermediaries and sellers. 10. Facilitating of Network Form Electronic Commerce is also impacting business . o business interactions. It facilitates the network form of organization where small flexible firms rely on other partner, companies for component supplies and product distribution to meet changing customer demand more effectively. Hence, an end to end relationship management solution is a desirable goal that is needed to manage the chain of networks linking customers, workers, suppliers, distributors and even competitors. The management of â€Å"online transactions† in the supply chain assumes a central roll. 11. Facilitating for Organizational Model It is facilitating an organizational model that is fundamentally different from the past. It is a control organization to the information based organization. The emerging forms of techno-organizational structure involve changes in managerial responsibilities, communication and information flows and work group structure. Types of e-commerce Business-to-business (B2B) Business that sells products or provides services to other businesses. Business-to-consumer (B2C) Business that sells products or provides services to end-user consumers. Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Consumers sell directly to other consumers. Business-to-government (B2G) Government buys or provides goods, services or information to/from businesses or individual citizens. Business-to-employee (B2E) Information and services made available to employees online. Mobile commerce (m-commerce) E-commerce transactions and activities conducted in a wireless environment. Collaborative commerce (c-commerce) Individuals or groups communicate or collaborate online. Challenges facing the growth of e-commerce in East Africa. . Poor infrastructure. Many consumers and businesses in the east African region are not able to access internet services due to poor access of the internet and online services in general. This makes it difficult for them to transact through the internet and hence e-commerce has not been able to grow at a reasonable rate. This poor internet access can be attributed to the poor infrastructure currently being used in the region. Modern high performan ce network equipment has to be installed for e-commerce to grow as expected. Computer illiteracy Many individuals in the east African region do not have access to computers and those who might have access do not know how to use them. This has largely affected the growth of e-commerce since computers are an integral part of the online business. This is why many online transactions in the region are usually done by way of mobile phones which again aren’t that accessible to the common citizenry. Lack of proper regulation The internet is largely unregulated. Many businesses and individuals lose their money to unscrupulous and fraudulent business people who take advantage of the lack of proper rules and regulations to play foul. The situation is even worse in east Africa and many businesses are losing money hindering their expansion and the industry in general. Inadequate capital Investment in the equipment and manpower required to run online business is very expensive and most firms cannot afford it. Computers, database managers, hard drives, software and software managers are all needed to keep on online system running. Administration of such systems is also very expensive and it needs regular updating and upgrading. Inadequate personnel Many firms in east Africa do not have the expertise needed to run these e-commerce systems. The curriculum in schools and higher learning institutions do not offer adequate skills. Expertise has to be imported from the rest of the world to complement the little that we have. This makes it so expensive to run online businesses. Conclusion Even though it has taken so long for e-commerce to be integrated into the business world in east Africa, it is finally here and it is being appreciated by those who are willing to adopt it. The governments of the countries in the region are doing a lot of investment in the required infrastructure to see to it that internet is accessed widely and cheaply. Investors from other countries have also realized that this east African region holds a lot of potential and are willing to invest their money to boost online trading establishments. There are still many challenges that need to be surmounted and e-commerce has gotten to its feet fully, but with the measures being taken by the governments, the private sector and many other stakeholders in the information technology sector, it is only a matter of time before e-commerce becomes fully operative in the region. This will present a lot of opportunities that will help improve the standards of living in the region. References * www. ecommerce-land. com * www. ihub. co. ke * The Economics of M-Pesa, William Jack and Tavneet Suri, 2nd Edition, August 2010 * www. kcbbankgroup. com * www. imbank. com * The Smart Company, The Daily Nation, 17th July 2012 page 8-9 How to cite E-Commerce in East Africa, Papers

Analyse The Strategic Management Of Hilton Worldwide - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management Of Hilton Worldwide. Answer: Introduction Strategy management defines the major targets and initiatives which are formulated and implemented by a corporations top-levelmanagement on behalf of shareholders. These initiatives and goals are based on assessment and consideration of the internal and external environments in which the company operates. This report will analyse thestrategic management of Hilton Worldwide by analysing various internal, external, industrial, corporate, and business factors. Further, the report will include SWOT, PEST, and 5 Forces analysis of the company and discuss its business and corporate level strategy to evaluate its strategic direction. Overview of the Company Hilton Hotels Resorts is an international full-service hotel and resort chain; Conrad Hilton founded it in 1919. The company operates in the hospitality industry, and it is one of the largest hotel chains in the world with more than 570 hotels. The services of Hilton hotels target both businesses and leisure travelers because they are situated near airports, major cities and famous holiday destinations throughout the world. As per Hilton annual report, it has revenue of US$11.6 billion in 2016 (Hilton, 2016). Market Share In domestic markets, i.e., United States, the company has a market share of 9 percent, and in international markets, it has 5 percent market share. In the Middle East, it has 3 percent market share, whereas in Europe and Asia Pacific region it has 1 percent market share (Cederholm, 2014). Scope The company operates in 14 industries including hotel and restaurant, hospitality sector, pub, school meals, gambling, nightclubs, catering for parties, travel services, food contract, conferences and many others (Hilton, 2016). Hilton provides various amenities and services to its guests in order to improve their experience such as bed breakfast, pick up facility, instant bookings, advance purchases, free Wi-Fi, late checkouts, breakfast buffet, discounted rates for military families, family fun packages, membership savings and many others. Target Markets Geographic Segmentation mainly, the company focuses on domestic preferences and location. Demographic Segmentation the target demographic of the corporation include middle or senior aged individual professionals who belong to an upper social class and earn a high level of income and who pursue luxury lifestyle. Psychographic Segmentation it includes ambitious peoples who prefer to express their accomplishments and high status by staying in a 5-star hotel and paying for premium rooms and services. Benefits Segmentations the company primarily benefit its guest by providing them high status in society, sense of achievement and luxury facilities. Mission The corporations mission is to become the most hospitable organisation in the world by providing warm experience to guests, significant opportunities to employees, maximising shareholders value and positively influencing the society. Vision The companys vision is to fill the world with the goodness of hospitality by providing each guest an exceptional experience every time in each hotel. Industry Analysis The Porters five forces is a framework for analysing five different forces that influence the competition in the industry; Michael Porter developed it. Hilton Worldwide operates in the hospitality industry; both consolidation and fragmentation co-exist in the hospitality industry because both of them pose opportunities and threat for the businesses (EHL, 2017). For example, in the United States, the industry has already consolidated and benefited from it, whereas, in European countries, hotels remain to be fragmented. As per the research of Rael (2016), profitability potential in the hospitality industry is high as long as companies are able to increase occupancies. The hotel corporations can provide a high level of services to boost occupancies which resulted in enhancing profitability ratio; Hilton hotels are already in premium services markets which is beneficial for its profitability. Rivalry among existing firms The competition between premium hotel industries is aggressive; the competitors of Hilton include Radisson Blu, Marriott, Sheraton, Westin, Accor SA, Hyatt Hotels and many others. Hilton worldwide spend heavily on service infrastructure, therefore, it is enjoying a growth of 106.67 percent while other competitors are growing at 61.98 percent (Borttarelli Research, 2016). Bargaining power of suppliers Hilton Worldwide has more than 4000 suppliers globally, and their bargaining power is low; Hilton order in paramount value, therefore, supplier did not switch or increases cost (Hilton, 2016). Hilton also implemented a Supplier Diversity Program to promote and develop socially diverse suppliers; this program provides them addition competitive ground in between diverse suppliers. Threat of substitute products or services In the hotel industry, the risk of substitute services is not significant. The substitute of hotel services includes peoples living in friends or family homes or renting apartments for small periods. Modern technology has improved the process of hotel booking by providing online services, therefore, the threat of substitute is low. Bargaining power of Buyers The negotiating power of buyers is high in hotel industry because it is easier for guests to access information of multiple hotels and selects the most suitable hotel based on their preference. The guests are price sensitive, and they use online data to compare price of different hotels, and the cost of switching is considerably low. Threat of New Entrants The initial investment in the hotel industry is considerably high which create a barrier for new entrants, but many of barriers have been removed due to the popularity of internet-based services and effective communication channels. A key barrier is differentiation; the firms which have effectively differential its value and services based on location, amenities, and services is a potential risk for new entrants. Hilton hotels have a strong brand presence, and it is popular among high-income individuals, therefore, the threat of new entry is low (Porter, 2008). Growth Pattern Hilton hotels have been profitable in previous five years; the company is constantly expanding its business in new areas along with a number of employees. The number of Hilton hotels has grown from 3861 to 4856 in from 2012 to 2016; the company is expanding its business in BRICs markets, i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, and China. The revenue of Hilton hotels has increased substantially in previous five years; the initiatives of company such as Hilton honours program, free Wi-Fi, discount rates for military family, breakfast in bed, online booking and other premium services are attracting a large number of guests to the company. In 2013, Hilton launched a new dining concept called Herb N Kitchen throughout its branched worldwide. In 2016, Hilton marked its presence in 100 countries by opening Hilton NDjamena in Chad (Hilton, 2017). External Analysis PEST analysis is a strategic analytical tool that analyses the effect of political, economic, social and technological factors on business and evaluates its long-term growth prospects. Political Factors Hilton welcomes tourists and business travelers in its hotels and threats such as terrorism and significant political change adversely affect its business. Terrorists act in London on 7th July 2015 and few areas in Northern Ireland has reduces the number of travelers. The decision of UK to exit EU (Brixit) has also influenced the business of Hilton hotels (Ozturen, Sumaneeva, Gashenenkov and Meredova, 2017). Economic Factors The domestic and international macroeconomic factors and events affect the business of Hilton hotels, for example, in 2012, Olympics were scheduled in UK and hotels were fully occupied for the entire period, but otherwise, it is difficult for premium hotels to attract guests during the financial crisis (Wu and Liang, 2009). Social Factors A variety of social factors influences the business of Hilton hotels such as growing population, customers preferences, family preferences, demographic variables and social media popularity. For example, people preference is shifting towards traveling due to popularity of traveling websites, blogs, and social media pages. New customers are emerging in countries such as India and China; the family preferences of people increase or decrease the number of consumers staying in the hotels (Sigala, Christou and Gretzel, 2012). Technological Factors The rapid growth in technological infrastructure has a significant influence over Hilton hotels; the companies operating in the hospitality industry have to effective use energy sources and provide their service through online platforms (Buhalis and Law, 2008). Further, the simplicity in online hotel bookings has increased the number of guest for Hilton hotels. Internal Analysis: Core Competencies The core competencies of Hilton hotels include customers facilities, strong brand image, dedicated and skilled staff, gambling license, customer support, positive culture, and talent acquisition because it is difficult for competitors to duplicate such practices since it requires a high level of investment and expertise. Further, the company provides its services in more than 80 countries and situated near most of the popular destinations which make them the obvious choice for wealthy travellers. The online rating of Hilton on hotel booking websites and customers reviews prove that the company delivers their promise, and they are one of the best when it comes to premium services. Yu (2017) conducted research for Forbes that provided that Hilton and Marriot hotels are two of the highest earning hotel corporations, and they have beaten all their competition. Value Chain The value chain analysis assesses information regarding business activities of the Hilton hotels that provide them a competitive advantage and creates value. Hilton hotels have successfully implemented an efficient value chain that adds value to its operations and sustain its future growth. The business activities are divided into two sections: primary and support. Firm Infrastructure Human Resource Management Technology Development Procurement Inbound Logistics Operations Outbound Logistics Marketing and Sales Services Support Activities The support activities of Hilton hotels are divided into four sections: Firm Infrastructure: Hilton is an international hotel chain, and they are known for excellent hotel infrastructure and premium services. The company focuses on critical factors such as quality, cleanliness, atmosphere, facilities, and maintenance across all its branches. Especially, Hilton hotel focuses on cleaning rooms and common area and providing comfort to its guests in a professional manner. These facilities improve guests experience and add value to Hiltons value chain. Human Resource Management: To deliver high-quality services, Hilton provide training to its management and ground level staff to teach them how to provide services guests professionally. The HR department focuses on hiring right attitude employees who possess required skills and knowledge regarding hospitality industry. Hilton has insisted two programs for its employees, on the job and off the job training; each employee learn necessary in these two training programs. The company also focus on motivating its workers by providing monetary or non-monetary rewards based on their performance. Furthermore, company provides shares to its employees at discounted rates; employees who are working for more than two years can sell these shares in the stock By selecting qualified employees, Hilton adds value to its operations and sustains future growth. Technology Development: Hilton provides online services to improve customer satisfaction and provide faster customer support facilities. The technology department has developed online website and mobile applications that enable customers to check hotel prices and book them through the application easily. The Hilton honours application provides special discounts to guests that visit Hilton more than one times; it encourages customers to choose Hilton for every vacation or office meeting. Procurement: The primary objective of Hilton is to provide a premium level of services to its customers, therefore, management seeks supplier that can provide high-quality products to the company and also fulfill its requirements. The suppliers of Hilton are required to be friendly and must not conduct any unethical activities that can affect company or guests, therefore, management carefully select suppliers. Primary Activities Inbound logistics: The inbound logistics and supply chain management allow smooth operation in Hilton hotels by directly trade with suppliers and negotiate their prices. The distributors also manage activities relating to delivery and warehousing that reducing organisational risks (Hilton, 2016). Operations: Hilton hotels operations are divided into three segments: Ownership division: It includes 146 hotels that consist of 59,463 rooms that are owned and rented by Hilton. Franchise segment: It consists of 4,419 hotels that have 691,887 rooms that are licensed and managed by Hilton Worldwide. The company franchised 3,875 hotels that consist of 533,039 rooms to third parties. Timeshare section: It consists of 45 properties comprising 7,152 units; this division engaged in selling and marketing activities. Outbound Logistics: It refers to actions relating to delivery of finished products and services; Hilton provide high-quality services to its guest as advertise by the company and delivery good with secure transportation that provide them a competitive Marketing and Sales: This section includes marketing and sales department that focuses on promotion and communication of its services to target customers. The Hilton honour program has become marketing success for the company which encourages customers to choose Hilton every time they travel. Service: This stage includes various facilities provided by Hilton to its customers, such as customers support, complaints, training, sale service and others. The complaints lodged by the customers handle at the highest priority by the company. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Strong brand recognition and positive market reputation Effective customer retention schemes, such as Hilton Honours Digital innovations to improve customers hotel experience, such as hassle-free online booking, mobile application Strong property portfolio, i.e., 570 properties in six continents Strong and effective leadership, i.e., Christopher Nassetta Market expertise, i.e., been in industry for 98 years Overdependence on the United States market, i.e., only 3 percent market share in European and Asia Pacific counties and 5 percent share in global markets Adverse influence over business and operations due to government regulation, such as Brexit High level of debts Lack of flexibility in operations and management due to its large size Opportunities Threats High potential for growth in emerging markets, i.e., BRIC nations Formation of strategic alliance Digitalisation of operations and use of technology in improving customers experience, for example, use of mobile application as ticket, identification and room key Increasing operations in mid-level budget hotel industry Investment in research and development to understand guests requirements Entry of international and local competitors in hotel industry Premium price services that only attracts wealthy guests Stagnated growth Political instability and terrorist threats, for example, terrorist attack on 7th July 2015 in Londo Opportunities and Threat on the Horizon Opportunities Threats Popularity of smartphones can assist Hilton in providing hassle-free hotel experience, for example, lack of requirement for physical identification and using NFC in phones to use it as a room key Offering mid-level budget room in emerging markets, such as BRIC nations Risk of terrorist attacks and mass shooting reduces the number of tourists, for example, Hilton is over-dependent on US markets, and increasing rate of mass shooting reduces the number of travelers The popularity of alternative services, such as Airbnb, creates a threat for the hotel industry. For example, Airbnb offers low prices and new experience which attracts a large number of customers On the Horizon Currently, Hilton Worldwide is taking full advantage of modern technology to enhance its guests experience, for example, customers can browse, select, pay, and cancel their order through Hiltons mobile application. Recently the threat of Airbnb has grown in hotel industry due to its low prices. The hotel industry is using legal route to defeat this threat, many hotels, including Hilton, are filling lawsuits against the company since many of its offers are against the local housing regulations (Coldwell, 2014). Business Level Strategy Competitive advantage The company pays close attention to details which improve its customer experience and provide them a competitive Hilton hotels are available in travel destinations throughout the world, and they are equipped with internet, self-service, premium services and others. Providing high-speed internet and easy online services allow the company to gain competitive advantage. Marketing Strategy Hilton hotels focus on connecting at an emotional level with its customers and provide them premium traveling experience. The company started a campaign called Travel takes you places which resulted in boosting its sales. The corporation also uses many other advertising campaigns such as Tomorrows a big day and Hilton Honours to attract customers. Corporate Level Strategy Hilton hotels have adopted a Value-adding corporate-level strategy that focuses on increasing number of customers by adding value to companys operations. The company is using its competitive advantages to diversify its business; it is already listed under full-service brand, focused service brand, timeshare brand and luxury hotel brand (Cederholm, 2014). The corporation is opening new restaurants to provide premium dining experiences to its guests. Hilton Worldwide is focusing on opening new hotels in emerging markets to increases its market share in international markets (Livemint, 2017). The use of the latest technology and guests specific facilities allow Hilton to maintain its position of competitive advantage over time. The company is equipped with the professional legal team and effective management staff that formulate strategic policies to ensure the company is prepared for future risks. For example, Airbnb has been a significant threat for hotel industry which has gained 10 percent of the market; therefore, Hilton along with other premium hotel chains is filing legal suits against the company because it violates various local housing laws. The team of professionals adds value to Hilton hotels and enable them to face future threats. Strategic Direction Summary According to Christopher J. Nassetta, CEO of Hilton Hotels, the companys strategies are focused on facing future leadership challenges and expanding its market share in the hospitality industry (Office, 2012). The strategies of the corporation have been focused on transforming and achieving its organisational objectives. As per Nassetta, future strategies are directing towards accomplishing corporate goals and expanding Hiltons global market share in the hospitality industry (Office, 2012). Nassetta stated that the company is simplifying its value statements because customers find it difficult to understand its values; the corporation is creating intense alignment around its value, mission, vision and key strategic priorities that can be achieved by establishing right corporate culture. The direction of Hilton corporate strategies is towards becoming worlds number one premium service hotel and providing the best possible services to its guests in order to improve their traveling expe rience. Future Strategy Recommendations The core competencies of Hilton Worldwide, such as skilled staff, premium services, availability near popular destinations and effective value chain, allow it to expand its business globally. The future strategy of Hilton should include following: Expansion in BRIC market Mid-level budget offers Digitalisation of operations The BRIC markets provide significant opportunities to Hilton Worldwide because they are emerging market in which Hilton can capture a large number of market share. The governments of BRIC markets also initiate various programs to promote international companies to expand their business in the country because it increases employment, economy and national income. Hilton can collect tax incentives and other grants to expand their business and increase their market share easily. Hilton should start offering mid-level budget rooms to expand its customer base. Peoples perspective has changed, and they prefer quality services at an affordable price; in BRIC markets most of the customers are belonged to medium income group, and mid-level budget offers will increase the number of Hiltons guests. The threat of Airbnb has also grown for Hilton because they provide affordable prices; therefore, mid-level budget rooms will assist Hilton in competing with Airbnb. Using technology in operations imp roves their reliability and usability, similarly, Hilton can improve its service by using the latest technology. The company should improve its mobile application by adding new features for refining the guests experience. The future strategy of Hilton should include these points as it will assist them expanding their market share and sustain future growth. Conclusion From the above observations, it can be concluded that Hilton Worldwide is an international hotel chain that provides high-quality services to its guests in order to improve their traveling experience. The companys primary strengths are its strong brand image, market expertise, digitalisation of processes and strong value chain. Various external factors affect the business of Hilton such as political policies, legal issues, environmental factors and others. The weaknesses of Hilton hotels include changing customers perspective, overdependence on US market, high level of debts and increasing competition. To face these challenges, the company is focusing on creating strategic planning with the help of industry professionals to maintain its competitive advantage. Strategies of the company are directing towards simplifying its values and accomplishing organisational objectives by building policies based on its strengths. References Amigobulls., 2017. Hilton Worldwide Revenue, Profits - HLT Annual Income Statement. [Online] Amigobulls. Available at: https://amigobulls.com/stocks/HLT/income-statement/annual [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Borrarelli Research., 2016. Hilton is Getting Punished for 106% Growth. [Online] Available at: https://www.bottarelliresearch.com/free/charts/2016/07/27/hilton-getting-punished-106-growth [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Buhalis, D. and Law, R., 2008. Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the InternetThe state of eTourism research.Tourism management,29(4), pp.609-623. Cederholm, T., 2014. Hiltons diversified portfolio with 11 world-class brands. [Online] Market Realist. Available at: https://marketrealist.com/2014/10/hiltons-diversified-portfolio-11-world-class-brands/ [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Cederholm, T., 2014. Overview: Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. [Online] Market Realist. Available at: https://beta.marketrealist.com/2014/10/overview-of-hilton-worldwide-holdings-inc [Accessed on 23/11/1017] CGMA., 2013. Porters Five Forces of Competitive Position Analysis. [Online] CGMA. Available at: https://www.cgma.org/resources/tools/essential-tools/porters-five-forces.html [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Coldwell, W., 2014. Airbnb's legal troubles: what are the issues?. [Online] The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2014/jul/08/airbnb-legal-troubles-what-are-the-issues [Accessed on 23/11/1017] EHL., 2017. Will globalization fragment or consolidate the hospitality industry?. [Online] EHL. Available at: https://blog.ehl.edu/lausanne-report-shaping-the-future-of-hospitality-1 [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Hilton., 2016. A History of Firsts. [Online] Hilton. Available at: https://www3.hilton.com/en/about/hilton/history/index.html [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Hilton., 2016. Annual Report. [Online] Hilton. Available at: https://www.corporatereport.com/hilton/2016/ar/_pdf/Hilton_2016_AR.pdf [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Borrarelli Research. Hilton., 2016. HILTON WORLDWIDE EXPANDS TO 100 COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES, CAPPING RECORD YEAR OF GROWTH. [Online] Hilton. Available at: https://newsroom.hilton.com/index.cfm/news/hilton-worldwide-expands-to-100-countries-and-territories-capping-record-year-of-growth [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Livemint., 2017. Hilton to open 18 new hotels in India by 2021. [Online] Livemint. Available at: https://www.livemint.com/Companies/8eiLg3M8qtp2NaU4Ofy76L/Hilton-to-open-18-new-hotels-in-India-by-2021.html [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Office, C., 2012. On a Busy Road, a Company Needs Guardrails. [Online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/14/business/christopher-nassetta-of-hilton-on-focusing-its-values.html [Accessed on 23/11/1017] ztren, A., Sumaneeva, K., Gashenenkov, M. and Meredova, M., 2017. Potential Effects of Disruptive Political Trends in International Tourism Market.International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding,4(2), pp.24-29. Porter, M.E., 2008. The five competitive forces that shape strategy.Harvard business review,86(1), pp.25-40. Rael, J., 2016. Research: Maximizing hotel profitability potential. [Online] Hotel News Now. Available at: https://www.hotelnewsnow.com/Articles/88558/Research-Maximizing-hotel-profitability-potential [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Sigala, M., Christou, E. and Gretzel, U. eds., 2012.Social media in travel, tourism and hospitality: Theory, practice and cases. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Statista., 2017. Number of Hilton Worldwide hotels from 2009 to 2016. [Online] Statista. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/247284/number-of-hilton-worldwide-hotels/ [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Statista., 2017. Revenue of Hilton Worldwide from 2009 to 2016 (in billion U.S. dollars). [Online] Statista. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/297760/revenue-of-hilton-worldwide/ [Accessed on 23/11/1017] Wu, C. and Liang, R.D., 2009. Effect of experiential value on customer satisfaction with service encounters in luxury-hotel restaurants.International Journal of Hospitality Management,28(4), pp.586-593. Yu, H., 2017. Marriott And Hilton Stay Ahead Of The Sharing Economy, Proving That Airbnb Is Not The Uber Of Hotels. [Online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/howardhyu/2017/02/16/marriott-and-hilton-stay-ahead-of-the-sharing-economy-proving-that-airbnb-is-not-the-uber-of-hotels/#60e278e076b3 [Accessed on 23/11/1017]

Research and Decision Making for Business

Question: Discuss about the Research and Decision Making for Business. Answer: Introduction The purpose of the research work has been clearly stated in the introduction part of the research work. The introduction is one of the most important parts of the research work, which enable the readers to get the central idea about the research. The authors have talked about the prior limitations of the research works and have stated the purpose clearly that the present research work will mainly look into those limitations to complete the research work. The authors have related the study to the macroeconomic changes in the market. The authors have pointed out that the macroeconomic changes have resulted in the job loss among the labors in the United States. Thus, it can be said that the authors have taken care of all the factors that result in the job loss and can affect the health of the workers who are working in the country. Statement of the problem The statement of the problem is clearly stated in the introduction part of the research work. The limitations of the prior research have been stated well in the introduction part. The limitation that the authors have identified in the prior research works have made the readers aware of the problems of the cross-sectional data and the longitudinal data. The cross sectional data is mainly based on the population of an area or other firms, association or region. On the other hand, longitudinal data is about research, which is based on a certain period. However, the authors have revealed that those longitudinal data cannot be applied for the workers of all the categories in the United States. Thus, the problems of the job insecurity and the problems that have been identified in the previous research works have been stated properly in the research work. Purpose of the study It would have been better if the authors have mentioned the problem statement, the purpose of the study separately. The readers could have easily understood the different sections of the research works and the research work would have been more easier for the readers to understand. Research question The main setback of the research work is that there is neither any clearly stated research questions, research objectives and the aim of the research work. Research questions not only help the readers but also help the researcher to keep track of the questions that need to be answered in the research work. Thus, research questions are an important part of the research work that the authors have overlooked. However, the authors could make use of the hypotheses to keep a check on the flow of the research and the areas that need to be researched to complete the work. Theoretical framework The authors have not used any theoretical framework for the research work. The theoretical framework is necessary for a research work as it present to the readers the entire structure of the literature review and supports the secondary research work of the researchers. If a theoretical framework could be presented in the following research work, then the framework could have been repented in the following manner: Figure 1: Theoretical framework for the research (Source: Created by author) The authors mainly will look into the problems of job insecurity in the United States. However, before proceeding with the research work, they have looked into the prior limitations of other works. The perceived job insecurity and the meanings and measurements of the same is studied. Finally, the effect of the job insecurity has been presented in the research. Literature review The authors have not mentioned separately about the literature review. The authors should have used a different heading, which would have made the research work clearer to the readers. For any research work, it is important to use the references that are not more than five years old. The research works are written in the year, 2009. As a result, the authors should have used references from the year 2004 until the year, 2009. However, the authors have used references that are dated 1994, 1995 and older than these years. Recent data would have made the readers aware of recent works that have been done by the authors. On the other hand, the authors have taken a long period to study the changes in the perceived job insecurity and the health of the workers. As a result, the authors have the literatures that have written ten years ago. However, they could have incorporated equal amount of literature from the history as well as from the present to keep a balance in the literature review of the research work. Methods The authors applied the longitudinal data collection method to write the research work. In addition to this, they have not forgotten to use the cross sectional data collection as they have collected the data from Americans Changing Lives (ACL) and Midlife in the United States (MIDUS). The authors have collected the first set of before the perception of the job security and they have further collected the data by following up with the data collection prices. The authors have taken into consideration a long range of time to collect the data. They have started with three years and have collected the data over a period of ten years. The range has helped the authors to look into the variation that might have happened in the entire range. To get a 3600 idea about the relations between the job security and the health of the workers the authors have taken the help of three hypotheses. The sample size and the types of the participants who took part in the research work are appropriate for the research works. The authors have taken the feedback of the participants who are over 25 years and have taken into consideration the participants who are aged 60 years. The range is appropriate for the study because people get into the jobs in the age of 25 years. The problem of job security and unemployment starts when an individual reached the age group of 25 years. the effect on the health can be seen at the later age. Hence, the 60 years is perfect for the study to get an idea on the effect on health. The data collection instrument like the questionnaire is significant for the present research work. The authors have collected the data by conducting surveys, face-to-face interviews and over sampling. With the help of the questionnaires, the authors have been able to get the exact data needed for the research. They were able to further analyze the data with the help of Stata with the help of the questionnaire. The reliability and the validity of the research have not been mentione d in the research work. However, it can be said that the research is both reliable and valid. It can be said reliable because the authors taken into consideration primary research and hence they have been able to retrieve the real data. It is valid because they have taken into consideration a study that has been done for a long range of period. Thus, the result of the research can be applicable for any kind of data. Analysis The authors have taken into consideration a huge range of data and that has been collected for a long range of time. The authors have used the Stata software version 10.0 SE. The authors have used the ordinary least squares (OLS) to make the multivariate analyses. The quantitative data analysis should be used when the authors are taking into consideration a huge set of data. The close-ended questions have been helpful for the authors to analyze the data and reach the proper conclusion of the research work. The analytical approach of the authors is suitable for the present research design, which is mainly based on the primary research approach by the authors. Results The authors of the research work have presented result section in a well-described manner. The tables that showed the perspectives of the participants have been explained properly. The feedback of the respondents from the different organizations, Americans Changing Lives (ACL) and Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) are mentioned separately in the result sections. The authors are able to show that the variations of the mindsets of the people from the different organizations. However, they are also able to show the similarity among the feedback of the respondents from the different organizations. Discussion As the there are no research questions or theoretical framework presented in the research work, hence there was no linkage in the discussion section of the project. However, the authors have linked the hypotheses that have been considered in the initial stage of the research have been discussed in the discussion part of the research work. In addition to this, the authors of the present research have linked with the findings with the research works that have been done by other authors. The authors have pointed out that the results of the present research work is consistent with the work that have been done by Heaney and other authors with Michigan auto workers in the year 1994 and Ferrie and other authors with British civil servants in the year 2002. Limitations The limitations of the research are not mentioned separately and are mentioned in the discussion section of the research work. Limitations are a part of the research work so that the future authors are able to get an idea about the areas that not have been covered in the present research.. However, the authors have pointed out that the exact health status of the workers of all the areas could not be covered in the present research work, which is the main limitation of the research work. The result of the research can be entirely different if the authors have taken into consideration other factors to carry out the work. In addition to this, they have taken into consideration certain age group to do the research work. The result of the research can be completely different if any other age group is taken into account to complete the research work. Conclusion The authors have recommend that the present situation of the lives of the workers could be made better once the demographic conditions are changed. In addition to this, the change in the characteristic of the job could help in lessening the job security of the workers in the United States. Here also the authors have not made any separate heading for the recommendations. It would have been better if the parts of the research were mentioned separately rather than mentioning them under one heading. The researchers have found it easier to relate to the perspectives of the researchers of the study.