Peel Memorial Hospital Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Peel Memorial Hospital Case Analysis Essay Introduction Prior to the 1990s, generous government funding allowed Canadian health care facilities to provide excellent service and quality. In the early 1990s, increasing health care costs have changed government funding, requiring providers to be more financially accountable. In the mid-1990s, hospitals and regional health authorities across Canada were under siege from funding restraints, mergers and forced closures. At the same time, the healthcare industry was focused on delivering high-quality patient care and aligning the key stakeholders to the newly created vision. To evolve and to survive, Peel Memorial Hospital (PMH) implemented the Balanced Scorecard performance management system and that is the focus of this case study. Also highlighted are the value of and the benefits to be gained when best practices from the corporate sector are successfully adapted to the health care environment. History and Issues Peel Memorial Hospital (PMH) in Brampton Ontario lacked measurable targets and tired Mission Statement that tried to be all things to all people (Harber, 1998). Internal surveys revealed that employees were unclear on the organization’s strategic direction and the linkage of various programs and initiatives undertaken. In 1994, PMH embarked on a comprehensive Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) training program for all staff which was followed by a burst of departmental and interdepartmental improvement initiatives. The hospital management looked closely at whether time, money and energy were being focused on the key clinical and business processes. Meanwhile, the hospital employees wanted to know how the evolving program management structure relates to PMH’s move into a patient focused care model; how these organizational development initiatives tie in with PMH’s move to shared governance models for nursing and the professional discipline; and where the fit for CQI and new computer system were. Working with Xerox Quality Services, PMH identified the â€Å"balanced scorecard† solution as a good fit for PMH and an effective vehicle to further evolve the organization. In 1995, PMH adopted the balanced scorecard system to measure its performance. Performance Management System Analysis The use of balanced scorecard in hospitals as part of their performance management and strategic management system has increased substantially. These scorecards incorporated the concern of the hospitals’ stakeholders, focused on the hospitals’ processes, and included both financial and non-financial indicators for performance measurement. The balanced scorecard at PMH included six categories of business with 23 data elements that were the drivers of the performance results. At the center of the Integrated Management Model framework was the Patient and Community Focus. The other five categories of business were Management Leadership, Human Resource Management, Patient Care Process Management, Quality Tools and Information Utilization, and Performance Results, and their interrelationship was identified in the framework (Harber, 1998). â€Å"The first year of implementation included objectives that identified the need for corporate measurement tools such as patient and st aff/team satisfaction† (Harber, 1998, p. 60). During year two of implementation, the Integrated Management Model was streamlined to reduce the data elements. By now, PMH had become more adept at managing and understanding the causal relationship between performance indicators and performance results. It had a good idea of which performance results help to drive performance results in other areas. Although the development of the balanced scorecard was a major undertaking and the development of performance measures a challenge, the implementation of balanced scorecard at Peel Memorial Hospital was a success as the satisfaction level from patient rose from 89 percent to 95 percent and the staff satisfaction survey participation rose from 33 percent to 75 percent. Also, PMH achieved a better understanding of where to invest time and money  in learning objectives and the ability to relate mission and vision statements to performance. It also enables PMH to become the lowest-cost provider in its peer group. The balanced scorecard provided PMH the ability to translate the hospital’s strategic objectives into a coherent set of performance measures as well as to align the seemingly disparate elements with organizational objectives. Conclusion Mello (2011) says that performance management systems can significantly impact organizational performance and process. The achievement of organizational goals requires a sensible balance between managerial commitment to the strategic interests of a business and to the human interests of its everyday operation at every level. The successful in health care management will depend on organizations and top executives balancing quality and customer satisfaction with adequate financing and long-range goals. The balanced scorecard not only provides a framework for establishing performance measurement goals but also incorporates continued quality improvement throughout the organization. Today, more and more Canadian hospitals have adopted balanced scorecard as their strategic management system. References Mellow, J. A. (2011). Strategic Human Resource Management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Chapter 10, p. 438-454. Harber, B. W. (1998). The Balanced Scorecard Solution at Peel Memorial Hospital. Hospital Quarterly, p. 59-63.

Grievance handling procedure in Reliance Infocomm Limited

Grievance handling procedure in Reliance Infocomm Limited To develop a Grievance handling procedure for Reliance Infocomm after studying in detail the types and causes of grievances those are specific to Reliance Communication Limited. Objectives: To frame a Grievance Redressal Procedure for Reliance Infocomm Limited. To analyze the types of grievances that existed among the employees of Reliance Infocomm Limited. To obtain suggestions on the kind of Grievance Redressal Procedures from the employers of Reliance Infocomm Limited. Introduction: Every employee has certain expectations which he thinks must be fulfilled by the organization he is working for. When the organization fails to do this, he develops a feeling of discontent or dissatisfaction. When an employee feels that something is unfair in the organization, he is said to have a grievance. In the Industrial Relations language, Grievance is defined as anything which irritates or tends to make work conditions unsatisfactory and thereby harbors a discontent or dissatisfaction arising anything connected with the company that an employee thinks, believes or even feels, unfair, unjust. In this sense many of the controversial issues in Industrial Organizations may be said to arise as a result of incept or ill-advised handling or neglect of grievances which individually may appear trivial but collectively may become explosive. The basic objective of the project is to frame a Grievance Redressal Procedure for Reliance Infocomm Limited and to analyze the types of grievances that existed among the employees of Reliance Infocomm Limited. Telecommunications Industry IN India The telecommunications industries in India are highly competitive. The growth rates in the number of telecommunication lines (both fixed and mobile) have been growing quite significantly, teledensities have been steadily improving and the ratio of mobile to fixed communications has crossed unity. In addition to the distribution of telecommunications services, India has a sizeable telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry. India has followed a policy of establishing a stand alone public laboratory, which was charged with the responsibility of developing a family of digital switching equipments and then transferring this generated technology to domestic public and private sector telecom equipment manufacturers. The telecommunications industry is a good example of the fact while having cheap factor endowments is necessary for a country to establish its presence in the international market; ability to move up the innovation ladder is a sufficient condition for that to occur. India is been considered to be the emerging technological giant from the developing world. India spent about one percent of their GDP on RD and have a growing number of patents issued in the US to their local inventors. India is an acknowledged powerhouse in embedded software, business software in general, chip designs and in pharmaceuticals. India has one of the largest telecommunications networks in the world. Reliance Infocomm is part of a large Indian conglomerate namely Reliance Industries. The American telecoms company, Qualcomm that pioneered the CDMA technology, holds about 4 per cent of the shares of Reliance Infocomm. Qualcomm makes money from royalties every time a chipset is inserted into CDMA phones and other network equipment as well as from license fees. Further based on my discussions with Midas Communications, it could be seen that the order from Reliance Infocomm has led to a large quantum of orders from both elsewhere within the country and from abroad. For instanc e, following test-run with 25,000 CorDect systems in 24 cities across nine states for over an year, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) has recently awarded a contract for over 0.6 million CorDect lines. The BSNL contract is worth around Rs. 7 billion and is divided among Himachal Futuristic Communications Ltd (HFCL), Indian Telephone Industries Ltd (ITI), and Electronic Corporation of India (ECI), Shyam Telecom and Hindustan Teleprinters Ltd (HTL). Literature Review Introduction In a broader perspective, any discontent or dissatisfaction, real or imaginary, experienced, by an employer about his or her employment constitutes a grievance. In their working lives, employees occasionally become aggrieved at the treatment meted out to them by the supervisors or the management on certain service conditions managerial decisions, practices, etc., A grievance should be treated as a show cause issued by the workmen against the management by an undertaking. Grievances can arise mainly under two conditions, namely: When management attempts or does something which it is not expected to do. When the management fails or refrains from doing something which it is expected to do. Thus a grievance is also an indicator of the organizational health. The complainant may or may not specifically assign reasons for dissatisfaction. But once the complaint is formally presented it has got be investigated and a solution is found out. According to Beach, D.S, and Personnel Administration, of People at Work, 1965, Any dissatisfaction or feeling of injustice in connection with ones employment situation that is brought to the notice of management. According to S. Chandra, Grievance Procedure: A Survey of Practices in India, 1968, the following causes have been given of employee grievances: Promotions, Amenities, Continuity of services, Compensation, Disciplinary action, Fines, Increments, Leave, Medical Benefits, Nature of the job, Payment of wages, Acting promotion, Recovery of dues, Safety appliance, Superannuation, Super session, Transfer, Victimization and Conditions of work. The handling of special grievances may involve special steps as well as, or in place of, skipping certain steps within normal grievance channels, by Petterfer, J.C, Effective Grievance Arbitration in California Management Review, 1970. According to Shea, John, Would Foremen Unionize? in Personnel Journal, 1970, There are always time limits between different steps of the grievance procedure. Additional steps are taken within a grievance system when labour is dissatisfied with the solution put forward by the lower line management. According to Jucius, J.M., Personnel Management, 1971, A grievance is any discontent or dissatisfaction, whether expressed or not, whether valid or not, arising out of anything connected with the company which an employee thinks, believes or even feels to be unfair, unjust or inequitable. Any real or imagined feeling of personal injustice which an employee has concerning his employment relationship by Keith Davis, Human Relations at Work, 1971. A written complaint filed by an employee and claiming unfair treatment by Dale Yoder, Personnel Management and Industrial Relations, 1972. The Indian Institute of personnel Management, Calcutta, in the year 1973, has briefly summarized the grievance procedure in the following five steps: In the first instance, the grievance should be settled at the lowest level, that is, the employee should raise his grievance with his immediate superior. It should be made clear to the employee that he may appeal if he does not get satisfaction from his immediate superior. He should know who the next person in the echelon of management is to whom he should refer his grievance. The grievance should be speedily dealt with If the grievance is against any instructions issued by the superior, the employee should clearly understand that, in the interest of discipline, the instructions must first be carried out before the grievance can be considered and decided upon. It is only when this has been done that the employer will register his protest and set the grievance handling procedure in motion. It should be clearly understood by the employee that there will be no recourse to any official machinery till the grievance redressal procedure has been set in motion and that, in the event the employee is still dissatisfied, there will be no direct action by either party which might prejudice the case or raise doubts while the grievance is being investigate. The grievance is usually more formal in character than a complaint. It can be valid or ridiculous, and must grow out of something connected with company operations or policy. It must involve an interpretation or application of the provisions of the labour contract says Flippo, Principles of Personnel Management, 1976. Chapman, Brad J., 1976, observes: An employees concern for his job security may prompt a grievance over a transfer, work assignment, or promotion. Sometimes bad relations between supervisors and subordinates are to blame: this is often the cause of grievances over fair treatment. Organizational factors like automated jobs or ambiguous job descriptions that frustrate or aggravate employees are other potential causes of grievances. Union activism is another cause. For example, the union may solicit grievances from workers to underscore ineffective supervision. Problem employees are yet another cause of grievances. These are individuals, who, by their nature, are negative, dissatisfied, and grievance prone. According to Sikula, A.F., Personnel Administration, 1978, It is not possible that all the complaints of the employees would be settled by first-line supervisors, for these supervisors may not have had a proper training for the purpose, and they may lack authority. Moreover, there may be personality conflicts and other causes as well. According to Brian Bemmels, Janice R.Foley, a common criticism of grievance procedure research is the lack of theoretical grounding for much of the research done prior to 1985. Several earlier reviews of the grievance literature raised the challenge of improving on the theoretical aspects of grievance research. According to Michael Corcoran, 2006 a solicitor in the Steeles employment team, offers advice on grievance procedures: The aim of a grievance procedure is to encourage consistency, transparency and fairness in the handling of workplace problems or complaints. It should allow the employer to seek an informal resolution where appropriate but allow for more formal proceedings should the circumstances demand. The grievance procedures must be followed in relation to any grievance about action by any employer that could form the basis of a complaint by an employee to an Employment Tribunal. A grievance is a complaint by an employee about action which his employer has taken or is contemplating taking in relation to him. Research Methodology RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insides into it. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual situation or a group. To determine the frequency with which something occurs with which it is associated with something else. To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship between variables. RESEARCH TECHNIQUE: A research technique refers to the behavior and instruments we use in performing research operations. Here, regarding this project the techniques of Questionnaire is used with attitude skills, nominal scales, ordinal scales, and interval scales, and ratio scales mass behavioral scales. RESEARCH DESIGN: A research design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and analysis of date in manner that aims to combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in procedure. Regarding this project, descriptive research design is applied. Here, Descriptive research design is concerned with describing the dissatisfaction of each individual on his job and the diagnostic research design helps in diagnostic research design helps in determine the frequency with which something occurs or its associated with something else. These two research designs helps in understand the characteristics in a given situation, think systematically about aspects in a given situation, offers idea for probe and research help to make certain simple decision. The researcher adopted random sampling method which includes 100 executives of Reliance Communication Limited. Conclusion In conclusion it is very important to remove the misunderstandings between the misunderstandings between the employer and employee. Human relations are the most important. It is the duty of the employer to remove the conflict from the minds of his employees and to localize problems and to find out ways and means for redressal of grievance. For achieving this goal an effective grievance procedure will certainly contribute to industrial peace and contended or happy labour.

Pallas Athene Versus Minerva :: essays research papers

Pallas Athene Versus Minerva   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Goddess Athena has been an incredibly well-liked mythological character for centuries because of her complex personality and the values which are taught through her actions. The powerful Goddess has been generally thought of as being the same person in both Greek and Roman stories alike, but this is not true. Athena was looked upon and spoken of very differently in Roman and Greek myths, though she remains with the same basic personality traits in both cultures. Rome acquired it's stories of mythology and religion from the Italians (who derived their beliefs from the Greeks), and therefore most of the myths of deities were the same as the Greeks', but with a few changes. The Italians also gave the Romans stories of Diana, Hercules, Venus, and a few minor characters. The Greeks came about with their Gods from past ancient cultures, weaving in some of their own characteristics as time went on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pallas Athena (the name Pallas being that of her best friend, whom she accidentally killed while practicing with spears) in both cultures is the patron Goddess of arts and crafts, weaving, the olive tree, overseer of Athens, and especially of Wisdom/War. Because the Greek culture was one of intelligence, sophistication and knowledge, Their version of Athena was mainly of a logical and sensible person, who would avoid a fight if possible. The Romans, who were a society of warlike men, focused on Minerva's war capabilities and short temper. Both cultures focused on the parts of the Gods which were most like themselves and best suited their needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the Greeks, the Gray-Eyed Goddess was not associated with specific people except for Her rivals. The Romans, however, formed a group of Immortals into the Capitoline triad, consisting of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. These three assumed a supreme place in the Roman religion, acting like a Jury of Watchers over the mortals. The Romans built a temple in honor of the Triad, named the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which was built in 509 BC.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, I have been able to see how these two civilizations have viewed one part of their religion and why they do so. There were logical reasons for their viewing of Athene, most of which were based on their strengths Pallas Athene Versus Minerva :: essays research papers Pallas Athene Versus Minerva   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Goddess Athena has been an incredibly well-liked mythological character for centuries because of her complex personality and the values which are taught through her actions. The powerful Goddess has been generally thought of as being the same person in both Greek and Roman stories alike, but this is not true. Athena was looked upon and spoken of very differently in Roman and Greek myths, though she remains with the same basic personality traits in both cultures. Rome acquired it's stories of mythology and religion from the Italians (who derived their beliefs from the Greeks), and therefore most of the myths of deities were the same as the Greeks', but with a few changes. The Italians also gave the Romans stories of Diana, Hercules, Venus, and a few minor characters. The Greeks came about with their Gods from past ancient cultures, weaving in some of their own characteristics as time went on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pallas Athena (the name Pallas being that of her best friend, whom she accidentally killed while practicing with spears) in both cultures is the patron Goddess of arts and crafts, weaving, the olive tree, overseer of Athens, and especially of Wisdom/War. Because the Greek culture was one of intelligence, sophistication and knowledge, Their version of Athena was mainly of a logical and sensible person, who would avoid a fight if possible. The Romans, who were a society of warlike men, focused on Minerva's war capabilities and short temper. Both cultures focused on the parts of the Gods which were most like themselves and best suited their needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the Greeks, the Gray-Eyed Goddess was not associated with specific people except for Her rivals. The Romans, however, formed a group of Immortals into the Capitoline triad, consisting of Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. These three assumed a supreme place in the Roman religion, acting like a Jury of Watchers over the mortals. The Romans built a temple in honor of the Triad, named the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, which was built in 509 BC.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion, I have been able to see how these two civilizations have viewed one part of their religion and why they do so. There were logical reasons for their viewing of Athene, most of which were based on their strengths

The Preprogrammin of a Child Essay -- essays research papers

A child is a blank book and a parent is the pen. A parent or elder makes a remark or takes action, and a child often will respond by mimicking what has been said or done. The essence of a child is one of innocence as well as gullibility. Adults serve as an abundance of knowledge, rules, and regulations, which a child is supposed to live and abide by. Not all children will obey the regulations expected of them, yet certain rules are more critical than others. When disciplining children, parents and adults take rules pertaining to gender specifications much more seriously than most other topics of obedience, without acknowledging they are practicing such behaviors. Gender distinctions are apparent within the way children are spoken to, how they are treated in certain situations, and the toys they play and interact with. Ultimately in a media driven society, such as America, it would be nearly impossible to raise a child free from gender stereotyping. Over the course of more recent yea rs the distinct gender defined world of toys has been lessened, yet most of these stereotypes still seem to appear to be engrained into a child’s brain almost from birth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As early as the birth of a child there are specified gender separations. Once born, a child is distinguished by either the color blue or pink. You can see a pink stork on the corner for a new baby girl or a blue stork for a new baby boy. Of course these colors are not comprehensible to the child, yet children throughout the rest of the neighborhood view these signs. A parent may make a comment pertaining to the neighbors having a new baby boy simply because of a blue sign. This could be one of the initial unconscious comments a parent or adult may make, which instills such beliefs that color defines gender. Throughout adolescence it is a rarity to see a young boy wearing a pink shirt, because there is a stigma associated with a young boy wearing the color pink. We take such an ineffectual concept, a color, and place behind it prejudice. Later on in life wearing the color pink can conjure up assumptions of homosexuality. These judgments have no validation to them, except the stigma American’s associated with this color throughout childhood experiences and understandings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example of the emphasis of color on gender can be directed at the legos toy.... ...bsp;Children are blank books who need direction; it is obvious that parents are not the only ones holding the pen to dictate their knowledge. Other adults, peers, and society take their turn in marking their territory. In order to raise a child free from gender stereotypes, that child must be home schooled, not allowed to entertain themselves with most reading material available, and could not be permitted to socialize with anyone outside their â€Å"regulator.† The way in which society has been constructed restricts the level of censorship available outside the home. In other words this society has such an immense amount of gender stereotypes within every aspect of the outside world that it would be just about impossible to out run their impact. Ideally each person should be able to get past what society dictates, yet it is much easier to fall into the trap of acceptance. It is very difficult to parade a boy of two years old, in a pink outfit without feeling the stare of disapproval from outsiders. People must use the term acceptance rather than exclusion, because the worst oppression is that which is placed on a child who does not have the capability to understand his or her choices.

Online grading system Essay

Chapter I Nowadays, computers and other technology are very useful in the fields of education especially in our daily activities. The importance of computers cannot be denied in the fields of education because as we all know, computers are very significant in terms of learning and working. With those technologies, we can save time for other activities. Computers connected with internet also serve as useful tools for communication. Through this process various types of descriptive information and measures of students’ performance are converted into grades that summarize students’ accomplishment. Online Grading System is designed to provide incentive reward for achievement and assist in identifying problems of the student. Grading System is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance, talent and skills of student? Grading system is an exercise in professional judgment on the part of the teachers. It involves the collection and evaluation of evidence on students’ achievement or performance over specified period of time. Parents can view and updated on the performance of their children. While teachers work load can be lessen through computing the grades automatically. Online Grading System of Cauayan South Central School (CSCS) is design to provide the system where in the parents of the students of Cauayan South Central School (CSCS) can access the grades of their children. Originally, the school was opened in the year 1953 through the initiation and encouragement of the late Teodoro Cariňo, who was at that time the Division Academic Supervisor from Pangasinan who resided here in Cauayan. The Teaching Staff welcomed and embraced the growing enrolment. Though their sincere and dedicated service to the community, they begged for more school buildings to house the school children hungry for formal education. From this point of view, the school will serve as a potent instrument because of the vast extent of outreach and of the size of the populace. To optimize this contribution to social, intellectual and cultural development, it has to maintain and accelerate its progress to be able to cope fully with changing world. It is believed that with the time tested, loyalty and cooperation of the school officials and teachers, the CSCS will surely be the best show window of the City Division. Thus, the above reasons drove the researcher to conduct a study regarding the Online Grading System, which aims to improve their present system. Statement of the Problem This study was conducted to assess the present of Cauayan South Central School Online grading system and aims to computerize the records of the students of Cauayan South Central School. Particularly the study attempted to answer the following questions: 1. To what extent are the problems encountered by the students and teachers in the present system in terms of: a. Security of records b. Efficiency of the present system c. Economics 2.What is the respondents’ evaluation on the advantages of the proposed Online Grading of the Students Record System in terms of: a. Security of records b. Efficiency of the present system c. Economics 3. Is there a significant difference in the evaluation on the problems encountered as perceived by the three groups of respondents in terms of: a. Security of Records b. Efficiency of the present system c. Economics SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY The result of this study â€Å"A proposed Online Grading System for Cauayan South Central School, Cauayan City, Isabela† are very important to the following: To the school – The result of this study will definitely help the Cauayan South Central School, Cauayan City, Isabela no longer have to re-compute the grades of each student to check on their accuracy. Reports such as grading sheets and class records can be submitted on time via online. To the faculty Teachers – Teachers would be able to record and compute for the grades of their students in any place or in any time with an internet connection and faster thereby lessening their workload and providing them with added time to attend to other functions. This in turn would improve their efficiency as teachers. To the Students – Students can now look forward to better lessons since their teachers would have added time to prepare for them their lesson plans. To the Parents of the Students – The parents can know the grade of their children through online. To the researchers – This study enhances the knowledge of the researcher in writing and programming. Furthermore, this study gave the opportunity to the researcher to learn and strive more to become competent in her field of interest. To the Future Researchers – this study will focus as an instrument for researcher related activities and will help them gain insights about the study and how to go about it. Definition of Terms Computer. It is any machine that does three things accept structure, process it according to prescribed rules and produce the result as output. Computer Program. In this study, it is a set of instruction in some computer language intended to be executed on a computer to perform a useful task. Data. In this study, it is the plural of the Latin datum, meaning an item of information following classical usage, one time of information. Input. In this study, it is the information entered in a computer for processing. Information System. In this study, in programming it is a collection of routines stored in a file. Each set of instruction in a library has a name and performs a different, often very specific task. System. In this study, it is a collection component elements that work together to perform a task Software. In this study, it is a computer program, instruction that cause the hardware the machine to do work. SCOPE AND LIMITATION This study was conducted at Cauayan South Central School involving the pupils, teachers and parents during the School Year 2014-2015 This study focused on the assessment of the student’s grades of Cauayan South Central School and the development of the Online grading System. This study is limited only to the student’s grade and does not cover the other transaction of the school. It cannot be used for conversation. If the instructor submitted wrong grades of student, the online system is not  reliable in human error. The grade encoding process relies on internet connection Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature and Studies To be familiar with the study, the researchers gathered some information through surfing the internet and scanning text book to improved their related literature and studies. Local Literature According to Torall (200) think with all the tough times were facing, having a website now is very important among small and medium enterprises and use it as medium to sell product and disseminate corporate information. Having a website communication where one can join. Foreign Studies According to Moreno (2000), School is now in their own website but they got to effectively utilize this technology to bring real benefits to their audience: students, parents, teachers, and school officials. The World Wide Web is one of the most effective communication technologies today. A school website can expand opportunities for parents to communicate with the school and become more informed about the education their children are getting. Teachers can use the school website to share ideas with other teacher and make them available even to everyone else. A school websites can also allow parents to voice out there concerns to school officials. Some parents avoid communicating with their children’s school because they do not feel comfortable talking to teachers or they think their concerns will not be heard while others are simply burned out by their work. When the need arises, many parents and teachers find themselves unable to contact each other. School websites can greatly eliminate barriers in involving parents in the school. Foreign Literature Castro(2000). The World Wide Web is the Gutenberg press of our time. Just above anyone can create their own web. Web site and then present it to the internet public. Some web page belongs to business with service to sell, other to individuals with information to share. Randall(1996) an English professor at the University of Waterloo Canada, heist the author of several books about the internet. Thousands upon thousands of companies, organization, and individuals are looking to the web as an important means disseminating information. If you’re not part of it, you’re already somewhat behind. Jumping onto the web is like jumping onto the biggest stage ever designed. When you put your page in the web, you’re inviting the world become take a look. Most internet user won’t bother, either because they’re not interested or, more likely, because they never get to know your contribution (it’s a huge stage). Realizing that the average person, when they begin to look into CCTV, has little way of knowing where to find expert advice at reasonable cost, we have set up this website to bring together some of the top people and organizations working in this field. The companies and individual found on this web site are those who do not just talk about excellence, but both believe in it, and make sure that it runs through every fibred of there organization and dealing with costumers. Local Studies Guidance for Government Webs site Issued (www.nee.edu.ph.com) The National Computer Center (NCC) recently issued memorandum curricular 2002-01, â€Å"Guidance on Creation of the agency’s official website and compliance to the E-commerce law and stage one of the UN-ASPA stage of E-Government†. The circular further states that the computer agency will coordinate and provide technical assistance to national government agencies (NGAs), Local Government Units (LGU) and state universities and collage (SUCs) to ensure that they have website that will provide basic public information. The basic information includes the following; organizational aims structure and responsibilities of each unit. Mangulit (2001) Book Store Inc. According to Mangulit, Website now number by the millions. There are personal Website, corporate website, small business Website, and so on. And the number of website just keeps on growing each day. Website provides two real value-adding services. Website allows companies to either make more money or save money. Business can make more money by selling their product and services through the website. The website also to save money allow business. According to Ducusin, Many Business School, Individual, and Government agencies at all levels have rushed to establish a presence on the internet. The attraction is the ability to quick and inexpensively provides information to a large number of people. The website can provides the public with information about government agencies also provide about agencies mission, service offered, office hour, and email add for correspondence. Eventually users of the WWW will be able to submit request to an agency for document or other inquires directly though the webpage. Also provide information about the government agencies and the service that they offer. Many of the interactions between citizens and government that require visit to government office could be handling through home page in the internet. Request for permits driver’s license record, documents and forms could all be handled through the internet. Chapter III Technical Background At present, Cauayan South Central School, Cauayan City, Isabela are using manual system in grading of student’s. They are using forms to track the student transaction in the school and then keep it in drawer or cabinet for safe keeping.! PHP platform was used in the development of the program. Since the project is designed as a client server program, two or more networked computers are needed in the school for the implementation of the project. The program will be used by the teachers. The teacher’s and student’s must registered if new and has no record yet in the website. Once the students is already registered in the website and wants to have their grade, the student or the parent will just search student’s record, and then input his or her findings and recommendation in the website for the  update of student’s record. Below are the technologies used in the development of computerized medical and dental record system. Software PHP Platform used in the development of program Microsoft Windows 7,8,XP Operating system (minimum requirement) SQL Server Database 2005 Database (minimum requirement) Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, RockMelt, and Safari Browsers (recommended use of Google Chrome) Hardware Computer Unit Specification (minimum requirement) 1 gigahertz (GHz) or faster 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor 1 gigabyte (GB) RAM (32-bit) or 2 GB RAM (64-bit) 16 GB available hard disk space (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit) DirectX 9 graphics device with WDDM 1.0 or higher driver Internet Connection Ink Jet Printer (for report printing) Network Hub and UTP cables were used in networking the computers. Peopleware System user must be knowledgeable in using computer. Chapter IV Methodology The methodology chapter provides the details of the step by step procedures used in developing the Online Grading System. The project procedures will be explained in detail. Requirements Specification The proponent used the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) – a structured analysis concept in developing a system. Phase 1 – SYSTEM PLANNING The proponent performed preliminary investigation to the school where we able to identify the process and flow of manual grading. Phase 2 – SYSTEM ANALYSIS After the investigation, the proponent build logical model for the new system based from the user requirements. Phase 3 – SYSTEM DESIGN At this stage the proponent design the user-interface and identify all necessary outputs, inputs, and processes. In addition the proponent design internal and external controls including computer based and manual features to guarantee that the system will be reliable, accurate, maintainable and secure. Phase 4 – SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION I this phase the proponent constructed the new system. Program is written, tested and documented and system is installed. Phase 5 – SYSTEM OPERATION, SUPPORT AND SECURITY At this point, the clinic staff maintains and protects the system. Based on the phases and deliverables of the SDLC, Figure 1 shows the timeline of the researcher undergone. The entire study is accomplished in 2014 Figure 2? Data Gathering Procedures First, the researcher prepared a letter seeking for the approval from the principal name After seeking approval, the researcher prepared the questionnaires, have them checked and approved by the Research Instructor and then administer the questionnaires to the respondents. Data Gathering Instruments This study made use of the Questionnaires as its main instrument in gathering data. It also made use of interview to support the data and  information gathered from the questionnaires. This will also be supplemented by observations and documentary analysis. Questionnaire The researcher used the questionnaire method in collecting data in a large number of people. The questionnaire undergone different kind of approval; first, the questionnaire was checked by the adviser to make sure that is related to the statement of the problem. Second, the English Critic made sure that the grammar and spelling were ceorrect. Interview The researcher interviewed the principal to obtain pertinent data and accurate information that would help in improving their manual grading. Observation Observation was done by the researcher to get more information about the current process. Internet Researcher The researcher used the internet to collect additional information about Online Grading System. Library Reseacher Library research was done in defining terms in the study and served as a reference in making document analysis from similar studies and procedures. The method helped the researcher and served as a guide on how to organized data that is needed on the study. Figure 3: Input-Process-Output (IPO) model The proponent used the IPO model. In the input column is information or ideas used by the researcher. Processing column are the actions taken upon using input. Output is result of the processing, which is the development of the proposed system. Data and Process Modeling Figure 4: Proposed System Context Diagram The context diagram illustrates the structure of the Online Grading System of Cauayan South Central School. It shows the relationship among the Administrator, Teacher’s, Students. The system has inputs like the student information, teachers information, and user information. To access to the system, the user enters the correct username and password. After the username and password validation, the user can add, delete, edit and view depending of the transaction desired. The system output is the Grade of the Student’s. Data Flow Diagram The researcher used the Data Flow Diagram to understand the flow of the project and at the same for future study. DFD demonstrate the external entities, data storage and the to be performed. In the Lon in process, the user needs to enter his username and password. When the username and password were entered, the system will look for any information matched in the database. As soon as the system confirms that the information given is valid, the system will show the user’s interface. There are different views for the administrator, the student and the teacher. Figure 5: Log in Information of Online Grading System of Cauayan South Central School

Myths and Misconceptions about Viruses and Security Essay

Computer viruses, as they are commonly known today, are malicious malware design to destroy and distort the normal working of a computer. The first known origin of computer viruses is estimated to be in the 1960’s CITATION Nat14 l 1033 (Devotta, 2014). The virus was in form of a game called Core Wars, and would self-replicate every time it was run. The group of programmers who developed it also made the first known anti-virus called Reeper. It was not until 1983, that one of these programmers announced the existence of Core Wars CITATION Ant l 1033 (AntivirusWorld, n.d.). In the same era, an influx of personal computers flooded the market and games became very popular. As a result, malicious viruses like Trojan horse were developed and innocent consumers downloaded them thinking that they were nice games only to feel the repercussions later. Since then, many viruses have been developed and continue to cause havoc to our computer experience. A computer virus is a malicious code that is written with instructions to replicate itself in a host computer and attaches itself to files and programs in the machine CITATION All l 1033 (AllAboutCookies, n.d.). Often, this happens without the consent of the user, and once the machine is booted or the infected program is launched, the virus attacks and damages data. In the case where an infected file is saved on a storage device, transfer of that file to another computer repeats the cycle and the virus re-infects the new host computer CITATION Sym10 l 1033 (Symantec, 2010). Viruses are designed to be spread via several media, where they piggyback on emails, programs, or network systems. The same way myths and misconceptions arise after a deadly disease pandemic, the computer world is full of myths about viruses. Some of the most common unfounded myths include; Mac users are virus proof, firewalls block off viruses, formatting and re-installing the operating system of an infected computer and then backing up one’s data gets rid of viruses, using antivirus programs protects one fully from viruses, signs of error messages popping up on one’s computer indicate that the computer is infected, corrupted files and blue screen displays on computers indicate a virus attack CITATION Rak11 l 1033 (Tembhurne, 2011). While some of these misconception hold water, they are not absolutely true all the time. A common scenario for internet users is the appearance of irritating pop-up messages, especially when browsing. While some of these messages are strategies for internet marketing by companies, and are indeed inevitable, it is possible for one to block pop-up messages- without purchasing software. First and foremost, there are free downloadable pop-up blockers that are effective on general browser pop-up ads. Examples include, Google Toolbar, Yahoo Companion Toolbar, Pop-up Stopper, PopUp Blocker, WorldIQ Toolbar and CleanMyPC, just to name but a few CITATION Kio15 l 1033 (Kioskea, 2015). Peer-to-peer file sharing programs are another source of disturbing pop-ups, especially once you install a program downloaded from these sites. To get rid of search, uninstall any unfamiliar programs from the Control Panel. Most browsers today also come with in-built software that block pop-ups, and can be adjusted to block the ads under the Settings tab. A good example is Internet Explorer CITATION Uni04 l 1033 (Iowa, 2004). Using Windows XP Service Pack 2 is also another viable option since the latest version includes a built-in Pop-up blocker CITATION Ram07 l 1033 (Srinivasan, 2007). References AllAboutCookies. (n.d.). Retrieved from All About Cookies.org: http://www.allaboutcookies.org/security/computer-viruses.html AntivirusWorld. (n.d.). History of Computer Viruses. Retrieved from http://www.antivirusworld.com/articles/history.php Devotta, N. (2014, Septemner 4). A short History of Computer Viruses. Retrieved from COMODO Antivirus: https://antivirus.comodo.com/blog/computer-safety/short-history-computer-viruses/ Iowa, U. o. (2004, June). Pop-up blocking. Retrieved from Information Technology Services @ The University of Iowa: https://helpdesk.its.uiowa.edu/articles/june2004/popupblocking.htm Kioskea. (2015, March). How to get rid of Pop-Up ads. Retrieved from http://en.kioskea.net/faq/104-how-to-get-rid-of-pop-up-ads Srinivasan, R. (2007, October 27). How to block Pop-ups? Retrieved from Ramesh’s Site: http://windowsxp.mvps.org/Popups.htm Symantec. (2010). pc tools. Retrieved from http://www.pctools.com/security-news/what-do-computer-viruses-do/ Tembhurne, R. (2011, May 10). 15 Myths and Misconceptions about Viruses and Security Applications. Retrieved from http://rakesh.tembhurne.com/15-myths-and-misconceptions-about-viruses-and-security-applications/ Source document

Risk Management in Business - 516 Words

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Literacy Narrative - 1279 Words

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